{value
    || Declare and initialize an empty string
    let s:String = ""

    || Check if the string is empty and display an
    || appropriate message
    {if s.empty? then
        {text The string is empty!}
     else
        {text The string has characters!}
    }
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize a string
    let s:String = "Hello World!"

    || Check if the string is empty and display an
    || appropriate message
    {if s.empty? then
        {text The string is empty!}
     else
        {text The string has characters!}
    }
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize a read-only string
    let s:String = "Hello World!"

    || Output a message that includes the return value of
    || a call to "size".
    || Note that you must use "value" to display the value
    || of "s.size", rather than the text "s.size".
    {text There are {value s.size} characters in the string.}
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize a writable string.
    let sb:StringBuf = {StringBuf "Hello World!"}

    || Set the size of the string to 5 characters.
    || The string should now contain only the first five
    || characters, "Hello".
    set sb.size = 5

    || Output a message that includes the new string
    {text If {monospace size} is set to 5, the string
        becomes: {value sb}}
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize a writable string.
    let sb:StringBuf = {StringBuf "Hello World!"}

    || Set the size of the string to 20 characters.
    || The string should now have 8 characters
    || with the Unicode value 0000 at the end.
    set sb.size = 20

    || Output a message that includes the new string.
    {text Then, if {monospace size} is set to 20, the string
        becomes: {value sb}}
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize two strings
    let s1:String = "Hello World!"
    let s2:String = "hello world!"

    || Display the strings.
    {text String 1: {value s1}
        {br}String 2: {value s2}

        || Compare the two strings and display an
        || appropriate message.
        {switch {s1.compare s2}
         case -1 do
            {text String 1 is less than String 2.}
         case 0 do
            {text String 1 is equal to String 2.}
         else
            {text String 1 is greater than String 2.}
        }

        || Compare the two strings, this time ignoring case,
        || and display an appropriate message.
        But, if you ignore case,
        {switch {s1.compare s2, ignore-case? = true}
         case -1 do
            {text String 1 is less than String 2.}
         case 0 do
            {text String 1 is equal to String 2.}
         else
            {text String 1 is greater than String 2.}
        }
    }
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize two strings
    let s1:String = "Hello World!"
    let s2:String = "hello world!"

    || Display the strings.
    {text
        String 1: {value s1}
        {br}String 2: {value s2}

        || Test if the two strings are equal and display
        || an appropriate message.
        {if {s1.equal? s2} then
            {text The strings are equal.}
         else
            {text The strings are NOT equal.}
        }

        || Test if the two strings are equal, this time
        || ignoring case, and display an appropriate message.
        But, if you ignore case,
        {if {s1.equal? s2, ignore-case? = true} then
            {text they are equal.}
         else
            {text they are NOT equal.}
        }
    }
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize a string.
    let s:String = "Hello World!"

    || Display the string and return the
    || character at position 7.
    || Remember that the leftmost position
    || is 0 (zero).
    {text {value s}
        {br}The character at position 7 is {s.get 7}.}
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize a String.
    let x:String = "Silly willy"

    || Replace each occurrence of "ill" with "ick".
    let y:String = {x.replace-clone "ill", "ick"}

    || Display the resulting String.
    y
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize a string.
    let s:String = "www.curl.com"

    || Split the string at the periods.
    let a:StringArray = {s.split split-chars = "."}

    || Declare and instantiate a VBox for displaying
    || an output message indicating the results.
    let out:VBox = {VBox}

    || For each element in the results array, add it
    || to the output message.
    {for str in a do
        {out.add str}
    }

    || Display the string and the output message.
    {text String: {value s}
        {br}Splitting the string returns the following strings...
        {br}{value out}
    }
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize s1 (the original string).
    let s1:String = "Hello World!"

    || Initialize s2 with a substring of s1.  The
    || substring begins at position 6 and is 5
    || characters long ("World").
    || Remember that the leftmost position
    || is 0 (zero).
    let s2:String = {s1.substr 6, 5}

    || Display the contents of s2.
    {value s2}
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize a string
    let s:String = "  365e-10"

    || Declare variables to hold the return values from
    || a call to "to-double"
    let number:double
    let chars:int
    let over-or-underflow?:bool

    || Call "to-double" and assign the multiple return
    || values to the variables.
    set (number, chars, over-or-underflow?) =
        {s.to-double error-if-over-or-underflow? = false}

    || Display a message containing the result of a call
    || to "to-double".
    || Note that you must use "value" to display the values
    || of the variables.
    {text The number is {value number}, which occupied
        {value chars} characters in the original string.}

    || Note that you can use "format" to change how Curl
    || displays numbers.
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize a string
    let s:String = "365e-10 is the multiplier"

    || Declare variables to hold the return values from
    || a call to "to-double"
    let number:double
    let chars:int
    let over-or-underflow?:bool

    || Call "to-double" and assign the multiple return
    || values to the variables.
    set (number, chars, over-or-underflow?) =
        {s.to-double error-if-over-or-underflow? = false}

    || Display a message containing the result of a call
    || to "to-double".
    {text The number is {value number}.  {value chars}
        characters were parsed.}
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize a string
    let s:String = "365e-10 is the multiplier"

    || Declare variable to hold the return value from
    || a call to "to-double"
    let number:double

    || Call "to-double" and assign the first return
    || value to the variable.
    set number = {s.to-double}

    || Display a message containing the result of a call
    || to "to-double".
    {text The number is {value number}.}
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize a string.
    let s:String = "Hello World!"

    || Use to-InputStream to set the contents of "s"
    || to the input stream.
    let tis:TextInputStream = {s.to-InputStream}

    || Retrieve (and display) a string from the input
    || stream.
    {tis.read-one-string}
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize a string
    let s:String = "  -0X16D"

    || Declare variables to hold the return values from
    || a call to "to-int"
    let number:int
    let chars:int
    let overflow?:bool

    || Call "to-int" and assign the multiple return
    || values to the variables.
    set (number, chars, overflow?) =
        {s.to-int error-if-overflow? = false}

    || Display a message containing the result of a call
    || to "to-int".
    || Note that you must use "value" to display the values
    || of the variables.
    {text The number is {value number}.  {value chars}
        characters were parsed.}

    || Note that to display an integer in a number system
    || other than decimal, you must use "format".
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize a string
    let s:String = "365 days of the year"

    || Declare variables to hold the return values from
    || a call to "to-int"
    let number:int
    let chars:int
    let overflow?:bool

    || Call "to-int" and assign the multiple return
    || values to the variables.
    set (number, chars, overflow?) =
        {s.to-int error-if-overflow? = false}

    || Display a message containing the result of a call
    || to "to-int".
    {text The number is {value number}.  {value chars}
        characters were parsed.}
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize a string
    let s:String = "365 days of the year"

    || Declare a variable to hold the first return value
    || from a call to "to-int"
    let number:int

    || Call "to-int" and assign the first return
    || value to the variable.
    set number = {s.to-int}

    || Display a message containing the result of a call
    || to "to-int".
    {text The number is {value number}.}
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize a string
    let s1:String = "Hello World!"

    || Initialize s2 with a string containing the
    || characters of s1 in lowercase.
    let s2:String = {s1.to-lower-clone}

    || Display the contents of s2.
    {value s2}
}

{value
    || Define and initialize a StringBuf.
    let sb:StringBuf = {StringBuf "Hello World!"}

    || Convert the StringBuf to a String.
    let s:String = {sb.to-String}

    || Display the contents of the String.
    {value s}
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize a string
    let s1:String = "Hello World!"

    || Initialize s2 with a string containing the
    || characters of s1 in uppercase.
    let s2:String = {s1.to-upper-clone}

    || Display the contents of s2.
    {value s2}
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize a string
    let s1:String = "  Hello World!  "

    || Initialize s2 with the characters of s1,
    || removing whitespace from the beginning
    || and the end of the string.
    let s2:String = {s1.trim-clone}

    || Display the contents of s2.
    || The # characters are used to indicate
    || beginning and end of the string.
    {pre #{value s2}#}
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize a string
    let s1:String = "  Hello World!  "

    || Initialize s2 with the characters of s1,
    || removing whitespace from the beginning
    || of the string.
    let s2:String = {s1.trim-left-clone}

    || Display the contents of s2.
    || The # characters are used to indicate
    || beginning and end of the string.
    {pre #{value s2}#}
}

{value
    || Declare and initialize a string
    let s1:String = "  Hello World!  "

    || Initialize s2 with the characters of s1,
    || removing whitespace from the end of the
    || string.
    let s2:String = {s1.trim-right-clone}

    || Display the contents of s2.
    || The # characters are used to indicate
    || beginning and end of the string.
    {pre #{value s2}#}
}